While many headaches are short-lived, for some people they can become frequent, severe, and disruptive to daily life. In fact, headaches are the number one reason patients seek neurological care—highlighting just how common and impactful they are. The most frequent types are primary headache syndromes, such as migraine and tension-type headaches. Less common but equally important to recognize are the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, a group of rare but extremely painful disorders that include cluster headaches. By contrast, secondary headaches arise from another medical issue or injury and require careful evaluation to identify the underlying cause.

Seizures occur when the brain’s electrical signals misfire, leading to sudden changes such as unusual movements, brief confusion, or loss of awareness. While one seizure does not always mean a person has epilepsy, repeated seizures may signal the condition